This means learning to acquire reward or to avoid punishment. Laboratory examples of these kinds of conditioning between small mammals or birds are typical. Rats or pigeons could possibly be taught to push levers for food stuff; they also learn how to stay away from or terminate electrical shock.

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Sperm Competitors has induced the human penis to evolve in duration and sizing for sperm retention and displacement.[37] To achieve this, the penis should be of adequate length to reach any rival sperm and to maximally fill the vagina.[37] As a way in order that the feminine retains the male's s